Yes of course there is a correlation and pattern between composition, weight, and diameter as with any type coin. They are simply general clues and pieces to the puzzle to help with identification along with script and legend. Look at some examples of Abbasid copper coins for instance where the weight and diameter are known and indicated and almost all copper examples between the rough diameter of 16 - 20 mm weigh between 2 and 3g, some thinner, some thicker with a few exceptions. Yes, many copper varieties weigh in the 5+g range but their diameters are not listed nor do they match or even resemble the script of the OP's coin. The OP's coin at 18mm and 5.24g is hard to attribute especially with most of the legend obliterated.
These examples where composition, weight and diameter are known for instance: Do you not see a general correlation?
N#143515
N#104310
N#304881
N#153391
N#264594
Certainly nowhere near 18mm and 5.25g.
The coins I could find with similar script and account for the heavier weight at that range of diameter were all silver or gold coins. I don't believe the OP's coin is either.