Hello Simo !
1) Mamluk fals.
First picture is upside down, I read "sultan Al'A... " so probably Sha'ban II.
Could be something like that :
https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=45899 (hard to say : we don't have much elements on this reverse side)
3) Should be easy, but I don't find it.
I read Al-Sultan followed by the name of the ruler (I don't recognize it) then "ibn" followed by the name of his father...
4) Juchid dynasty (mongol), a pul of Toqtamish khan minted in 782 AH at Qrim al-Jadida
https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=147778