We have discussed die cracks, die breaks and cuds. I wanted to share with you photos of a Lincoln Cent with a pretty dramatic cud on the obverse:
http://www.elfreeman2.com/w15/15w190o.jpg
http://www.elfreeman2.com/w15/15w190r.jpg
Also note the characteristic that can help to verify that the error is authentic--if the cud is large, the detail nearest the cud on the other side of the coin will be weak or missing, due to the metal flow into the cud.